True-believer syndrome is a term coined by M. Lamar Keene in his 1976 book The Psychic Mafia referring to an irrational belief in paranormal events, even after direct confession or evidence that the events were fraudulently staged. Keene, himself a reformed fraudulent medium, exposed a number of other fraudulent psychics, faith healers, and miracle workers. When their followers only seemed to grew stronger, he started to view this inability to recognize fraud as a cognitive disorder. He believed that true-believer syndrome "merits study by science" and is the greatest thing phony mediums have going for them. While the psychology of religion does study irrationality, the term "true believer syndrome" is not an accepted scientific term and mainstream psychologists, psychiatrists or doctors do not consider irrationality a cognitive disorder.citation needed]
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